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This question (How can I remove gnome from a kubuntu 12.04 install?) have the commands with question markes:



sudo apt-get remove --purge ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get remove --purge unity?
sudo apt-get remove --purge gnome?


What do they mean?


More From » command-line

 Answers
2

Those are called Wildcards (globbing patterns)




Standard wildcards (also known as globbing patterns) are used by various command-line utilities to work with multiple files.

Standard wildcards are used by nearly any command (including mv, cp, rm and many others).





  • (question mark)




    this can represent any single character. If you specified something at the command line like "hd?" GNU/Linux would look for hda, hdb, hdc and every other letter/number between a-z, 0-9.



  • *(asterisk)




    this can represent any number of characters (including zero, in other words, zero or more characters). If you specified a "cd*" it would use "cda", "cdrom", "cdrecord" and anything that starts with “cd” also including “cd” itself. "m*l" could by mill, mull, ml, and anything that starts with an m and ends with an l.



  • [ ] (square brackets)




    specifies a range. If you did m[a,o,u]m it can become: mam, mum, mom if you did: m[a-d]m it can become anything that starts and ends with m and has any character a to d inbetween. For example, these would work: mam, mbm, mcm, mdm. This kind of wildcard specifies an “or” relationship (you only need one to match).



  • { } (curly brackets)




    terms are separated by commas and each term must be the name of something or a wildcard. This wildcard will copy anything that matches either wildcard(s), or exact name(s) (an “or” relationship, one or the other).








For example, this would be valid:




  • cp {.doc,.pdf} ~




    This will copy anything ending with .doc or .pdf to the users home directory. Note that spaces are not allowed after the commas (or anywhere else).



  • [!]




    This construct is similar to the [ ] construct, except rather than matching any characters inside the brackets, it'll match any character, as long as it is not listed between the [ and ]. This is a logical NOT. For example rm myfile[!9] will remove all myfiles* (ie. myfiles1, myfiles2 etc) but won't remove a file with the number 9 anywhere within it's name.



  • (backslash)




    is used as an "escape" character, i.e. to protect a subsequent special character. Thus, "” searches for a backslash. Note you may need to use quotation marks and backslash(es).





for more examples: visit this page


[#26447] Sunday, December 19, 2021, 2 Years  [reply] [flag answer]
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