In order to achieve that.. you should edit the Nautilus source code and the nautilus.desktop file or using another file manager that allows this, such as nemo.

NOTE: In this example I'm running ubuntu 13.04 with nautilus (files) 3.6.3.
You can test this in a virtual machine to see if everything is OK.

1) Make sure you have enable the Source code repository

• Open the Ubuntu Software Center


• In the Menu Bar choose Edit -> Software Sources. Click to enable "Source code repository".
  Just in case I use the "Main Server" to Download.

Open a Terminal Window to update the repositories.

• sudo apt-get update

2) In the Terminal type the following to install the necessary packages.

• sudo apt-get install build-essential quilt

3) Install build dependencies.

• sudo apt-get build-dep nautilus

4) Create a folder to download the source code.

• mkdir ~/Downloads/src

  
  



• cd ~/Downloads/src

  
  

5) Download the source code & Export variables.

• apt-get source nautilus

  
  



• export QUILT_PATCHES=debian/patches

  
  



• export EDITOR=gedit

  
  

6) Create the patch and edit the source code.

• cd nautilus-3.6.3/

  
  



• quilt new my_custom_places.patch

  
  



• quilt edit src/nautilus-places-sidebar.c

  
  

Custom Trash: To change the name of the Trash.You can change the strings in the lines 567 and 569.

eg: "Trash" to "Custom Trash" & "Open the trash" to "Open the Custom Trash"

Add Folder: In this example I will add the "Test" folder in my home directory /home/virtual/Test. (change the folder according to your needs)

After the line number 562 add the following:

/* add Test directory */

mount_uri = "file:///home/virtual/Test";

icon = g_themed_icon_new (NAUTILUS_ICON_FOLDER);

add_place (sidebar, PLACES_BUILT_IN,

       SECTION_COMPUTER,

       _("Test"), icon, mount_uri,

       NULL, NULL, NULL, 0,

       _("Open Test folder"));

g_object_unref (icon);

Remove Recent Files: To remove the Recent Files from the places... delete the lines from 525 to 534.

Save the changes.

7) Build the deb packages.

• quilt refresh


• fakeroot dpkg-buildpackage

8) Install the deb packages.

• cd ..

  
  



• sudo dpkg -i *deb

  
  

9) For system-wide..edit the nautilus.desktop file to add the folder eg:(/home/virtual/Test) in the quick list.

• sudo nano /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

Change:

Actions=Window;

To:

Actions=Test;Window;

Add:

[Desktop Action Test]

Name=Test             

Exec=nautilus --new-window /home/virtual/Test

OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Before:

After:

10) Finally you can logout and Login to see the changes.

RESULT:

Hope this helps.