One program that would be suitable is peazip, which isn't available in the repositories, but can be found at the sourceforge page noted above. Just download the appropriate deb file and install it with gdebi or software-center. There is a choice of gtk2 or qt gui, but the gtk2 version is recommended currently and seems to be the most stable.

It is important to note that it will extract a large number of formats (150+) such as iso, udf, rar, etc, but will only create a smaller number of formats such as zip, bz2, 7z, xz, etc, but the most well known ones are available. Specialist tools for the rarer formats are always needed anyway.

Full details are available on the sourceforge page, which also details the file management options of peazip, and how it handles password protected files.

Peazip is straightforward to use, but here's an example extract of an iso file:

1) Start peazip from your applications menu or from terminal and click extract when the gui loads up:

2) Extracting the archive: progress bar, speed, and several other menus that contain information on the ongoing extract are shown:

Regarding Thunar integration, peazip doesn't seem to have any command line options for directly opening an archive and extracting, so the best you can do is create a thunar custom action (more information in this answer) and simply place peazip %f in the box and select the appearance conditions as 'other'. Now when you right click a valid archive you can select your thunar action and open the archive in peazip and then click to extract it.