You do not need to complicate things with Eclipse and stuff if you want to learn C (which is also an interesting choice of a first programming language... while not discouraging you, I'm curious about your motives). I think it would be much more useful to learn how all the low-level bits (source code, compiler, headers, libraries, debugger, makefiles) fit together and then, if you want, to transition to an IDE.

From the Learn C the Hard Way book linked by Goddard:

An IDE, or "Integrated Development Environment" will turn you stupid.
They are the worst tools if you want to be a good programmer because
they hide what's going on from you, and your job is to know what's
going on. They are useful if you're trying to get something done and
the platform is designed around a particular IDE, but for learning to
code C (and many other languages) they are pointless.

You surely don't need Eclipse to write a "Hello, World" program in C. First install stuff needed to compile programs:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

then open a text editor and type something like

#include <stdio.h>



int main() {

    printf("Hello, World

");

    return 0;

}

save the file as hello.c. In terminal, run

gcc hello.c -o hello

you'll find an executable file called hello in the same directory. Run it:

./hello

It prints "Hello, World". Magic! Now get a book on C and try to modify the program to do something interesting.