I used startx which gave:

update and startx output in TTY

I am going to try:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

However, I just wanted to post here to see if there's anything else I can do to make sure the re-install works. It's been a rough couple of days computer-wise.

Thank you.

*I have found this post which uses:

systemctl set default multi-user.target

systemctl start gdm

Would this work? To be honest I'm a bit scared to input commands that I'm not familiar with at this point. :|

Final Update

A simple fix! For some reason, the Nvidia drivers didn't install.

This answer to this question said to use:

sudo ubuntu-drivers install

Which worked great. Now I'm in the desktop environment!

Now to restore my old settings with Deja Dup.