I'm using the command:

echo "Test if email can be sent from server" | mail -s "Test" [email protected]

This is on an Ubuntu Server 12.04 completely up to date.

To catch you up on my troubleshooting:

1) I have installed mailutils with the "Internet Site" option (or whatever that internet option was; I can't remember exactly what it was called off the top of my head).

2) I have added myself to the group 'mail'.

3) I have checked that my ISP does, in fact, block port 25. I followed these instructions using port 587, which is unblocked (I'm not sure that this has an effect on outgoing mail; it looks like a mail server to me)

4) I've also tried echo "Test if email can be sent from server" | sendmail -f [email protected] [email protected], but this also appears to do nothing.

5) I am worried that gmail is receiving on port 587, but that it doesn't know what to do with the traffic. Is this an unfounded consideration?

6) My gmail user name contains a '.' before the '@gmail.com'. Is it possible that this is confusing the mail and sendmail commands? (edit: after some more experimenting, this is probably not the problem)