My laptop goes directly into kernel panic at first startup every time I try to start it. Long pressing the power button to shut it down and starting it up again, takes me to the grub menu where I have to select the second latest installed kernel, as the latest one seems broken.

OS Version: Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS (Focal Fossa)

Kernel Version (Broken): linux-generic 5.15.0-46

Kernel Version (Working): linux-generic 5.15.0-41

I tried following this "tutorial" but with no success. The file "initrd.img-5.15.0-46" didn't exist in my boot directory and the command sudo apt install --reinstall linux-generic failed with the following output and I didn't proceed further:

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree       

Reading state information... Done

0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not to upgrade.

8 not fully installed or removed.

After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.

E: Internal Error, No file name for linux-generic:amd64

When trying to update my system or execute sudo apt install linux-generic the update/command fails as well with this output

I have some Linux knowledge, but I never did anything regarding kernels/boot apart from dual-boot setups, so I'm a complete noob regarding kernel problems and fixing them. Does anyone of you have some tips or a solution for my issue?

Edit: As also written in an answer to this comment, the issue seems to be this line in the output in particular:

installed linux-firmware package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1

Which then causes the following processes to fail as well. How can I fix this?

Fix:
I think I found a solution on this page. I removed the files of all packages which post install scripts fail. After executing sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade a last time, the errors disappeared.