EDIT:
SOLVED! see https://askubuntu.com/a/403876/212688

i re-installed ubuntu 13.10 x64 on my vaio pro, in legacy, bios mode. the installation is lvm/luks encrypted and thus asks me for the encryption password before booting.

it does not reliably boot. i often have to try several times, those are the errors i get:

... alert! /dev/mapper/ubuntu-vg-root does not exist ...

and sometimes it "boots" without asking me for the password and then fails with cryptsetup: cvms_activate is not available

this happened on my old install, i fully wiped the ssd and the problem still persists. how can i fix this?

and does anyone have an idea, why booting takes over one minute? the pci-e samsung ssd reads with around 800MB/s that should boot in 15 seconds or less.

my macbook with a slow sata3 ssd boots in 20 seconds, with full disc encryption.

edit:

crypttab:

http://paste.ubuntu.com/6673077/

fstab:

http://paste.ubuntu.com/6673078/

i didn't mention it before, but i used the defaults of the installer and didn't create my own partition layout. just install with internet and getting updates during the install, reboot into system, install updates and then i had the error, again, like in my previous install.