Apparently I am using Tex Live as my LaTeX distribution:

martin@martin-XPS-8300:~$ pdflatex -v



pdfTeX 3.1415926-2.4-1.40.13 (TeX Live 2012/Debian) kpathsea version

6.1.0 Copyright 2012 Peter Breitenlohner (eTeX)/Han The Thanh (pdfTeX). 

There is NO warranty.  Redistribution of this software is

covered by the terms of both the pdfTeX copyright and the Lesser GNU

General Public License. For more information about these matters, see

the file named COPYING and the pdfTeX source. Primary author of

pdfTeX: Peter Breitenlohner (eTeX)/Han The Thanh (pdfTeX). Compiled

with libpng 1.2.49; using libpng 1.2.49 Compiled with zlib 1.2.7;

using zlib 1.2.7 Compiled with poppler version 0.20.5

I would like to install additional packages using this guide.

They say:

With TeX Live manually installed, use tlmgr to manage packages
individually.

tlmgr install <package1> <package2> ... 

tlmgr remove <package1> <package2> ...

But when I try:

tlmgr install algorithm2e

I get:

tlmgr: command not found

I also do not seem to have a ~/texmf folder, only a ~/.texmf-var folder. Is my installation corrupt or am I doing something wrong?

EDIT:

I found that I actually have a

/usr/local/share/texmf

EDIT2:

The command:

apt-cache policy texlive

results in:

texlive:

  Installed: 2012.20120611-5

  Candidate: 2012.20120611-5

  Version table:

 *** 2012.20120611-5 0

        500 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring/main amd64 Packages

        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

folder.