I found out that user 109 launches pulseaudio on startup, which blocks mine:
petr@sova:~$ ps -ef | grep pulseaudio
109 1515 1 1 15:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
petr 2344 1 0 15:24 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
petr 2807 2757 0 15:24 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto pulseaudio
Because of that, I can't access the sound card and get dummy outputs only. Once I kill the 109's process, everything works fine.
Who is user 109 and how do I prevent him from launching pulseaudio? My suspicion is that it's somehow connected to LightDM.
EDIT:
petr@sova:~$ cat /etc/passwd | grep 109
speech-dispatcher:x:109:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/sh