In general , no.

There are, however, some exceptions to "no". For example the liquorix kernel or Ubuntu kernel Flavors. These are generally performance tuning and can make a difference (the server kernel is faster for servers, and will not improve desktop performance).

With Ubuntu, if you are running the proper kernel flavor, you should be good to go.

Note: The Liquorix kernel also has some patches (in addition to performance tuning).

The other exception would be if you have some unusual hardware.

But in the vast majority of cases, performance is not a "standard" reason to compile a kernel.

See:

Ubuntu wiki compile kernel