It looks like Kubuntu was still in control of GRUB. When you removed it, you also removed the files grub needed to boot. Fortunately this should be an easy fix.

Since you're already on a live CD, I think the easiest route is to chroot to your installation and run the grub installation scripts. Start by opening your Ubuntu installation (your root partition, which contains folders such as "etc", "usr", and "home") in a file browser in order to mount it.

Now open a terminal.

Find the Mount Pount

In the terminal, type mount This will print out several lines. Look for one that mentions your ubuntu installation in /media. It will look something like:

/dev/sda1 on /media/disk type ext4 (rw,relatime)

In the example above, the device is /dev/sda1 and the mount point is /media/disk. Make a note of this, because we will use this information later.

Set up the Chroot

We need to setup the chroot. This means we will link some system folders from the LiveCD to your installed system. To do this, paste the following text into the terminal, but replace /media/disk with the mount point you found earlier:

for i in sys dev proc; do sudo mount --bind /$i /media/disk/$i; done

The above command runs the following three commands:

sudo mount --bind /dev /media/disk/dev

sudo mount --bind /sys /media/disk/sys

sudo mount --bind /proc /media/disk/proc

This binds /sys, /dev/ and /proc to the same folders on /media/disk. This means that /media/disk/dev/ is actually /dev/

Now we are ready to chroot. In the terminal type chroot /media/disk, where /media/disk is your mount point.

You should now see a root shell (the prompt should end in #). Any command executed here is restricted to your installed partition, and will (for the most part) operate as if you were on your installed system.

Fix the Bootloader

Now all we need to do install the bootloader. In the terminal, paste the following two lines:

grub-install /dev/sda

update-grub

Note: This assumes that you only have one drive in your computer. If you have two, or if you are running from a LiveUSB drive, make sure you replace /dev/sda in the above command with the device from the "Find the Mount Point" section above. Do not include the number at the end of the device. For example, if the device for your partition is /dev/sdb2, then you should use grub-install /dev/sdb.

And that's it! If those commands complete without error, then reboot your computer.